Demographic Information and Sex Work in Canada
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Footnotes pp. 44-45. 60. Lowman, J., "Street Prostitutes in Canada: An Evaluation of the Brannigan-Fleischman Opportunity Model," Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 1990, 6, p. 156. 61. Lowman, J., "Prostitution in Canada," in Jackson, M. A., Griffiths, C. T. and Hatch, A., eds., Canadian Criminology: Perspectives on Crime and Criminality, Toronto, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991, p. 125. 62. British Columbia, Community Consultation on Prostitution in British Columbia: Overview of Results, Victoria, Ministry of the Attorney General B.C., 1996. 63. Fraser Committee (Special Committee on Pornography and Prostitution), Pornography and Prostitution in Canada, Ottawa, Department of Supply and Services, 1985; Lowman, J., "Prostitution in Canada," in Jackson, M. A., Griffiths, C. T. and Hatch, A., eds., Canadian Criminology: Perspectives on Crime and Criminality, Toronto, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991. 64. Shaver, F., "Prostitution: A Female Crime?" in Adelberg, E. and Currie, C., eds., In Conflict With the Law: Women and the Canadian Justice System, Vancouver, Press Gang Publishers, 1993, p. 167. 65. Caputo, T., Weller, R. and Kelly, K., Phase II of the Runaways and Street Youth Project: The Ottawa Case Study, Policing Division, Solicitor General of Canada, Final Report #1994-11, Ottawa, Ministry of Supply and Services Canada, 1994a, cited in Federal-Provincial-Territorial Working Group on Prostitution, Report and Recommendations in Respect of Legislation, Policy, and Practices Concerning Prostitution-Related Activities, Ottawa, Department of Justice, 1998, p. 14. 66. Sansfaçon, D., Prostitution in Canada, A Research Review Report, Ottawa, Department of Justice, 1985; Earls, C. M. and David, H., "A Psychosocial Study of Male Prostitution," Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1990a, 18, 5, pp. 401-19; Lowman, J., "Street Prostitution," in Sacco, V. F., ed., Deviance: Conformity and Control in Canada, 2nd Edition, Scarborough, Ontario, Prentice-Hall Canada, 1992. 67. Badgley Committee (Committee on Sexual Offences against Children and Youth), Sexual Offences against Children, Ottawa, Department of Supply and Services, 1984; Lowman, J., "Taking Young Prostitutes Seriously," Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 1987, 24, 1, pp. 99-116; Lowman, J., "Street Prostitution," in Sacco, V. F., ed., Deviance: Conformity and Control in Canada, 2nd Edition, Scarborough, Ontario, Prentice-Hall Canada, 1992. 68. Fraser Committee (Special Committee on Pornography and Prostitution), Pornography and Prostitution in Canada, Ottawa, Department of Supply and Services, 1985, p. 372. 69. Sansfaçon, D., Prostitution in Canada, A Research Review Report, Ottawa, Department of Justice, 1985, p. 95. 70. Edmonton Social Planning Council, Street Prostitution in Edmonton, Edmonton, Street Prostitution Project, 1993. 71. Lowman, J., "Street Prostitutes in Canada: An Evaluation of the Brannigan-Fleischman Opportunity Model," Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 1990, 6, pp. 137-64. 72. Earls, C. M. and David, H., "A Psychosocial Study of Male Prostitution," Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1990a, 18, 5, pp. 401-19. 73. Maggie's, the Toronto Prostitutes' Community Service Project, Report on Assessing the Need to Reduce Drug-Related Harm Among Prostitutes Who Use Drugs, Ottawa, Health Promotion and Social Development, Health Canada, File #6552-2-371, 1994. 74. Edmonton Social Planning Council, Street Prostitution in Edmonton, Edmonton, Street Prostitution Project, 1993. 75. Shaver, F., "Prostitution: On the Dark Side of the Service Industry," in O'Reilly-Fleming, T., ed., Post-Critical Criminology, Scarborough, Ontario, Prentice-Hall Canada, 1996. 76. Task Force on Children Involved in Prostitution, Children Involved in Prostitution, Alberta, Minister of Family and Social Services, 1997. 77. Allman, D., Personal Classified Advertisements of Men Seeking Sex With Men: Trends in Representations of Risk Behaviour, 1980-1994, paper presented to the Fourth Annual Canadian Conference on HIV/AIDS Research, Toronto, June 1994. 78. Task Force on Children Involved in Prostitution, Children Involved in Prostitution, Alberta, Minister of Family and Social Services, 1997. 79. Between February 1982 and July 1983, the Badgley Committee surveyed 229 youth under age 20 who had "performed at least one sexual act in exchange for money, food, shelter, drugs, alcohol, or some other valuable consideration." This definition of sex work is almost identical to the one currently employed by Vancouver's Vanguard Study. Badgley Committee (Committee on Sexual Offences against Children and Youth), Sexual Offences against Children, Ottawa, Department of Supply and Services, 1984, p. 968. 80. Ibid. 81. Lowman, J., "Taking Young Prostitutes Seriously," Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 1987, 24, 1, pp. 99-116. 82. Mathews, R. F., Mirror to the Night: A Psycho-Social Study of Adolescent Prostitution, unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Education, University of Toronto, 1986, pp. 128-29. 83. Lowman, J., "Taking Young Prostitutes Seriously," Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 1987, 24, 1, pp. 99-116. 84. Lowman, J., "Street Prostitutes in Canada: An Evaluation of the Brannigan-Fleischman Opportunity Model," Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 1990, 6, pp. 137-64. 85. Earls, C. M. and David, H., "Early Family and Sexual Experiences of Male and Female Prostitutes," Canada's Mental Health, 1990, 38, 4, pp. 7-11, cited in Lowman, J., "Street Prostitutes in Canada: An Evaluation of the Brannigan-Fleischman Opportunity Model," Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 1990, 6, pp. 137-64. 86. Read, S., DeMatteo, D., Bock, B., Coates, R., Goldberg, E., King, S., Major, C., McLaughlin, B., Millson, M. and O'Shaughnessy, M., HIV Prevalence in Toronto Street Youth, Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1993, p. v. 87. At the end of 1996, 54% of these murders remained unsolved, compared to only 20% of Canadian homicides that did not involve known sex workers; see Federal-Provincial-Territorial Working Group on Prostitution, Report and Recommendations in Respect of Legislation, Policy, and Practices Concerning Prostitution-Related Activities, Ottawa, Department of Justice, 1998. 88. Statistics Canada, Street Prostitution in Canada, Ottawa, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Catalogue #85-002-XPE, 17, 2, 1997. 89. Lowman, J., "Street Prostitution," in Sacco, V. F., ed., Deviance: Conformity and Control in Canada, 2nd Edition, Scarborough, Ontario, Prentice-Hall Canada, 1992, p. 56. 90. Brannigan, A., Victimization of Prostitutes in Calgary and Winnipeg, Research, Statistics and Evaluation Directorate, Policy Sector, Department of Justice, Technical Report #TR1996-15e, Ottawa, Department of Justice, 1994, p. 29.
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Created: September 4, 1999 Last modified: February 4, 2000 |
Dan Allman Box 3075, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X6 Email: dan.allman@walnet.org |